WikiPortallus:

Ancient Times

ca. 600 BC¹²³⁴⁵ - A basic form of the railway, the rutway,⁶ existed in ancient Greek and Roman times, the most important being the ship trackway Diolkos across the Isthmus of Corinth. Measuring between 6 and 8.5 km,⁷⁸⁹ remaining in regular and frequent service for at least 650 years,¹²³⁴⁵ and being open to all on payment, it constituted even a public railway, a concept which according to Lewis did not recur until around 1800.¹⁰ The Diolkos was reportedly used until at least the middle of the 1st century AD, after which no more written references appear.⁵

16-17th century

1550 - Hand propelled tubs known as "hunds" undoubtedly existed in the provinces surrounding/forming modern day Germany by the mid 16th century having been in proven use since the mid-1400s and possibly earlier. This technology was brought to the UK by German miners working in the Mines Royal at various sites in the English Lake District near Keswick (Now in Cumbria).¹¹

1603/4 - Between October 1603 and the end of September 1604, Huntingdon Beaumont, partner of the landowner; Sir Percival Willoughby, built the first recorded above ground early railway/wagonway. It was approximately two miles in length, running from mines at Strelley to Wollaton in Nottinghamshire, England. It is known as the Wollaton Wagonway. Beaumont built three further wagonways shortly after, near Blyth in Northumberland related to the coal and salt trade. Shortly after the Wollaton Wagonway was built other wagonways are recorded at Broseley near Coalbrookdale in Shropshire. Further waggonways emerged in the English North East.

19th century

1802 The Carmarthenshire Tramroad, later the Llanelly and Mynydd Mawr Railway, located in south west Wales, was established by Act of Parliament.

1803 The first public railway, the Surrey Iron Railway opens in south London.¹²

1804 First steam locomotive railway - Penydarren - built by Richard Trevithick, used to haul iron from Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon, Wales.

1807 First fare-paying, passenger railway service in the world was established on the Oystermouth Railway in Swansea, Wales. Later this became known as the Swansea and Mumbles Railway although the railway was more affectionately known as "The Mumbles Train" (Welsh: Tren Bach I'r Mwmbwls). The railway survived using various forms of traction until 1960.

1808 The Kilmarnock and Troon Railway was the first railway in Scotland authorised by Act of Parliament and the first in Scotland to use a steam locomotive.

1808 Richard Trevithick sets up a circular steam railway (didn't go anywhere) for the public to experience for 1 shilling each.

1812 First commercial use of steam locomotives on the Middleton Railway, Leeds

1814 George Stephenson constructs his first locomotive, Blücher.

1825 Stephenson's Stockton and Darlington Railway, the first publicly subscribed, adhesion worked railway using steam locomotives, carrying freight from a Colliery to a river port (Passengers were conveyed by horse-drawn carriages).

1827 September 7 - Oldest railway in continental Europe opens between České Budějovice and Leopoldschlag, (horse-drawn carriages) later extended to Kerschbaum and Linz.

1828 July 4 the Baltimore and Ohio (B&O) begins construction of a track; the Charleston & Savannah commenced construction a few months later.

1828 October, first french railway between Saint-Etienne and Andrézieux (horse-drawn carriage).

1829 George and Robert Stephenson's locomotive, The Rocket, sets a speed record of 47 km/h (29 mph) at the Rainhill Trials held near Liverpool.

1830 The Canterbury and Whitstable Railway opens in Kent, England on the 3 May, Engineered by George Stephenson, 3 months before the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. A 5¾ mile line running from Canterbury to the small port and fishing town of Whitstable, approx. 55 miles east of London. Traction was provided by three Stationary Winding Engines, and "INVICTA"; Invicta was an 0-4-0 Loco, built by the Stevenson company, but only operated on a level section of track owing to the fact she produced a meagre 9 hp.

1830 opens with 23 miles of track in the United States with mostly hardwood rail topped with iron. Over 100 railroads are incorporated in New York alone. The Tom Thumb (locomotive) was designed and built by Peter Cooper for the B&O—the first American-built steam locomotive.

1830 The Liverpool and Manchester Railway opens, and the first steam passenger service, primarily locomotive hauled, is started. The line proves the viability of rail transport, and large scale railway construction begins in Britain, and then spreads throughout the world. The Railway age begins.

1831 First Passenger Season tickets issued on the Canterbury and Whitstable Railway.

1832 railway switch patented by Charles Fox

1834 Bavarian Ludwigsbahn, the first German railway line connects Nuremberg and Fürth.

1834 Ireland's first railway, the Dublin and Kingstown Railway (D&KR) opens between Dublin and Kingstown (now Dún Laoghaire), a distance of six miles.

1835 In Belgium a railway was opened on May 5 between Brussels and Mechelen. It was the first railway in continental Europe.

1836, July 21 - First Railway in Canada; it was a 16 mile run between La Prairie, Quebec and Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec.

1837 The first Cuban railway line connects Havana with Bejucal, in 1838 the line reaches Güines. This is also the first railway in Latin America and the Iberian world in general.

1837 Leipzig–Dresden Railway Company opens the first long-distance German railway line connects Leipzig with Althen near Wurzen, in 1839 the line reaches Dresden.

1837 The first Austrian railway line connects Vienna with Wagram, in 1839 the line reaches Brno.

1837 The first rail line in Russia connects Tsarskoye Selo and Saint Petersburg.

1837 The first line in France opens between Le Pecq near the former royal town of Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Embarcadère des Bâtignoles (later to become Gare Saint-Lazare)

1837 Robert Davidson built the first electric locomotive

1838 Edmondson railway ticket introduced.

1839 The first railway in Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Italy, from Naples to Portici.

1839 The first rail line in the Netherlands connects Amsterdam and Haarlem.

1844 The first rail line in Congress Poland is built between Warsaw and Pruszków.
The first Atmospheric Railway, the Dalkey Atmospheric Railway opened for passenger service between Kingstown & Dalkey in Ireland. The line was 3 km in length & operated for 10 years.

1845 The first railway line built in Jamaica opened on November 21. The line ran 15 miles from Kingston to Spanish Town. It was also the first rail line to be built in any of Britain's colonies. The Earl of Elgin, Jamaica's Governor presided over the opening ceremonies, by the late 1860s the line extended 105 miles to Montego Bay.

1846 James McConnell met with George Stephenson and Archibald Slate at Bromsgrove. It was at this meeting that the idea of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers came about.

1847 First train in Switzerland, the Limmat, on the Spanisch-Brotli-Bahn Railway line.

1851 First train in British India, built by British invention and administration.

1852 The first railway in Africa, in Alexandria, Egypt.

1853 Passenger train makes in debut in Bombay, India

1853 Indianapolis' Union Station, the first "union station", opened by the Terre Haute and Richmond Railroad, Madison and Indianapolis Railroad, and Bellefontaine Railroad in the United States.

1854 The first railway in Brazil, inaugurated by Peter II of Brazil on April 30th in Rio de Janeiro, built by the Viscount of Maua.¹³

1854 The first railway in Norway. Between Oslo and Eidsvoll.

1854 First railway in Australia. Horse-drawn line from Goolwa to Port Elliot, South Australia.

1854 First steam drawn railway in Australia. Melbourne to Hobson's Bay, Victoria.

1854 The first line in Chile, from Copiapó to Caldera, in Chile.

1855 the Panama Railway with over 50 miles (80 km) of track is completed after five years of work across the Isthmus of Panama at a cost of about $8,000,000 dollars and over 6,000 lives—the first 'transcontinental railway'.

1856 The first railway in Papal State, Italy, from Rome to Frascati.

1856 First railway completed in Portugal, linking Lisbon to Carregado.

1857 Steel rails first used in Britain.

1857 The first railway in Argentina, built by Ferrocarril del Oeste between Buenos Aires and Flores, a distance of 10 km, was opened to the public on August 30.

1858 Henri Giffard invented the injector for steam locomotives

1862 The Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railway is opened

1863 First London underground subways opened in London. It was powered by steam engines.

1863 Scotsman Robert Francis Fairlie invents the Fairlie locomotive with pivoted driving bogies, allowing trains to negotiate tighter curves in the track. This innovation proves rare for steam locomotives but is the model for most future diesel and electric locomotives.

1865 Pullman sleeping car introduced in the USA.

1869 The First Transcontinental Railroad (North America) completed across the United States from Omaha, Nebraska to Sacramento, California. Built by Central Pacific and Union Pacific.

1869 George Westinghouse establishes the Westinghouse Air Brake Company in the United States.

1872 The Midland Railway put in a third-class coach on its trains.

1875 Midland Railway introduces eight and twelve wheeled bogie coaches.

1877 Vacuum brakes are invented in the United States.

1879 First electric railway demonstrated at the Berlin Trades Fair.

1881 First public electric railway opened in Germany. One of the first railway lines in the Middle East was built between Tehran and Rayy in Iran.

1882 Lavatories introduced on Great Northern Railway coaches in Britain

1882, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway connected Atchison, Kansas with the Southern Pacific Railroad at Deming, New Mexico, thus completing a second transcontinental railroad in the U.S..

1883 Southern Pacific Railroad linked New Orleans, Louisiana with Los Angeles, California thus completing the third U.S. transcontinental railroad.

1883 The Northern Pacific Railway,links Chicago, Illinois with Seattle, Washington--the fourth U.S. transcontinental railroad.

1885 The Canadian Pacific Railway is completed 5 years ahead of schedule, the longest single railway of its time, which links the eastern and western provinces of Canada.

1888 Frank Sprague installs the "trolleypole" trolley system in Richmond, Virginia, making it the first working electric street railway.

1890 First electric London Underground railway (subway) opened in London—all other subway systems soon followed suit.

1891 Construction begins on the 9,313 km (5,787 mile) long Trans-Siberian railway in Russia. Construction completed in 1904. Webb C. Ball establishes first Railway Watch official guidelines for Railroad chronometers.

1893 The Great Northern Railway linked St. Paul, Minnesota to Seattle—the fifth U. S. transcontinental railroad.

1895 Japan's first electrified railway opens in Kyoto.

1895 First mainline electrification on the Baltimore Belt Line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad

1899 The first Korean railway line connects Noryangjin (Seoul) with Jemulpo (Incheon).

1899 Tokyo's first electric railway, the predecessor to Keihin Electric Express Railway opens.

20th century

1913 First diesel powered railcar enters service in Sweden.

1915 First major stretch of electrified railway in Sweden; Kiruna-Riksgränsen (Malmbanan).

1917, GE produced an experimental Diesel-electric locomotive using Lemp's control design—the first in the United States.

1924 First diesel-electic locomotive built in Soviet Union (USSR).

1925 Ingersoll-Rand with traction motors supplied by GE built a prototype Diesel switching locomotive (shunter), the AGEIR boxcabs.

1926 First diesel locomotive service introduced in Canada.

1930 GE begins producing diesel-electric switching engines.

1934 First diesel-powered streamlined passenger train in America (the Burlington Zephyr) introduced at the Chicago World's Fair.

1935 First children's railway is opened in Tbilisi, USSR.

1938 In England, the world speed record for steam traction is set by the Mallard which reaches a speed of 203 km/h (126 mph).

1939 In Persia the Trans-Iranian Railway was opened, built entirely by local capital.

1939 Diesel-electric railroad locomotion entered the mainstream in the U.S. when the Burlington Railroad and Union Pacific start using diesel-electric "streamliners" to haul passengers.

1942-45 Over 1,200 steam locomotives worth over $100,000,000 (1945$) given to the Soviet Union under U.S. Lend Lease.¹⁴

1946 U.S. railroads begin rapidly replacing their rolling stock with diesel-electric units. Process not completed until mid 1960s.

1948 Foreign-owned railway companies nationalised in Argentina on 1 March during the first term of office of President Peron.

1957 Japan sets narrow gauge world speed record of 145 km/h (90 mph) with Odakyū 3000 series SE Romancecar.

1960s-2000s many countries adopt high-speed rail in an attempt to make rail transport competitive with both road transport and air transport.

1964 Bullet Train service introduced in Japan, between Tokyo and Osaka. Trains average speeds of 160 km/h (100 mph) due to congested shared urban tracks, with top speeds of 210 km/h.

1970 Penn Central goes bankrupt, the United States' largest corporate bankruptcy up to that time.

1975 British Rail's Advanced Passenger Train achieves 245 km/h (152.3 mph) on 10th. August.

1979 High speed TGV trains introduced in France, TGV trains travel at an average speed of 213 km/h (132 mph). and with a top speed of 300 km/h (186 mph).

1987 World speed record for a diesel locomotive is set in Britain by British Rail's High Speed Train, which reaches a speed of 238 km/h (148 mph).

1990 World speed record for an electric train, is set in France by a TGV, which reaches a speed of 515 km/h (320 mph).

2000 Amtrak introduces the Acela Express on the Northeast Corridor in the United States.

21st century

2001 August. Northeast China first electrified railway opens for business between Shenyang and Harbin¹⁵

2007 High speed trains travelling at 350 km/h (217 mph) is introduced in Spain.

2007 Heavily modified trainset of France's TGV had beaten its original world record when it travelled from Metz- Reims at a speed of 574.8 kilometres per hour (357.2 mph).

References

^ ^a ^b Verdelis, Nikolaos: "Le diolkos de L'Isthme", Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, Vol. 81 (1957), pp. 526-529 (526)
^ ^a ^b Cook, R. M.: "Archaic Greek Trade: Three Conjectures 1. The Diolkos", The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 99 (1979), pp. 152-155 (152)
^ ^a ^b Drijvers, J.W.: "Strabo VIII 2,1 (C335): Porthmeia and the Diolkos", Mnemosyne, Vol. 45 (1992), pp. 75-76 (75)
^ ^a ^b Raepsaet, G. & Tolley, M.: "Le Diolkos de l’Isthme à Corinthe: son tracé, son fonctionnement", Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, Vol. 117 (1993), pp. 233–261 (256)
^ ^a ^b ^c Lewis, M. J. T., "Railways in the Greek and Roman world", in Guy, A. / Rees, J. (eds), Early Railways. A Selection of Papers from the First International Early Railways Conference (2001), pp. 8-19 (11)
^ Lewis, M. J. T., "Railways in the Greek and Roman world", in Guy, A. / Rees, J. (eds), Early Railways. A Selection of Papers from the First International Early Railways Conference (2001), pp. 8-19 (8 & 15)
^ Raepsaet, G. & Tolley, M.: "Le Diolkos de l’Isthme à Corinthe: son tracé, son fonctionnement", Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, Vol. 117 (1993), pp. 233–261 (246)
^ Werner, Walter: "The largest ship trackway in ancient times: the Diolkos of the Isthmus of Corinth, Greece, and early attempts to build a canal", The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, Vol. 26, No. 2 (1997), pp. 98–119 (109)
^ Lewis, M. J. T., "Railways in the Greek and Roman world", in Guy, A. / Rees, J. (eds), Early Railways. A Selection of Papers from the First International Early Railways Conference (2001), pp. 8-19 (10)
^ Lewis, M. J. T. (2001), p. 15
^ An excellent and definitive, but currently out of print, book by Michael Lewis Early Wooden Railways should be consulted about pre-17th century railways, etc.
^ "Surrey Iron Railway 200th - 26th July 2003". Early Railways. Stephenson Locomotive Society. http://www.stephensonloco.fsbusiness.co.uk/surreyiron.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-19.
^ City of Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro, http://fctp.petropolis.rj.gov.br/fctp/modules/xt_conteudo/index.php?id=194
^ Soviet Lend Lease, p. 22 [1]accessed 2 Feb 2009
^ First Electric Railway in Northeast China Open to Traffic

External links

Waggonway Research Circle: The Wollaton Wagonway of 1604. The World’s First Overland Railway, August 2005

Adams, Cyrus C. (January 1906). "The World's Great Railroad Enterprises: Big Schemes on Every Continent". The World's Work: A History of Our Time XIII: 8423–8436. Describes status of railways worldwide, includes numerous photos as well as c. 1906 continent diagrams of railways

Lewis, M. J. T., "Railways in the Greek and Roman world", in Guy, A. / Rees, J. (eds), Early Railways. A Selection of Papers from the First International Early Railways Conference (2001), pp. 8-19 (10-15)

Contents